{"id":1953,"date":"2026-05-28T10:26:30","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T10:26:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/?page_id=1953"},"modified":"2026-10-01T09:46:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T09:46:07","slug":"about-the-nation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/about-the-nation\/","title":{"rendered":"About the Nation"},"content":{"rendered":"<section style=\"--ih-bg:#0D0F0E;--ih-min-height:662px;--ponca-ih-link-color:#6E6B6D;--ponca-ih-link-hover:#DEB209\" class=\"ponca-ih sec_padding wp-block-ponca-inner-hero\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ih__bg-image\" style=\"--ih-bg-image:url(https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Our-Living-Culture.jpg);--ih-bg-size:cover;--ih-bg-position:center top;--ih-bg-opacity:1;--ih-bg-top:0px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ih__overlay\" style=\"--ih-overlay-bg:#0d0b00c2;\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-ih__content\" style=\"--ih-content-max-width:1504px;--ih-content-pad-x:0px;--ih-content-pad-top:0px;--ih-content-pad-bottom:0px;--ih-content-margin-top:0px;\">\n\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ih__split\" style=\"--ih-split-gap:clamp(24px, 4vw, 96px);--ih-split-align:flex-end;\">\n\n\t\t\t<!-- Left column -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ih__left\" style=\"--ih-left-width:clamp(320px, 44vw, 704px);\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"ponca-ih__breadcrumb\" style=\"--ih-breadcrumb-gap:11px;--ih-breadcrumb-margin-bottom:20px;\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"ponca-ih__breadcrumb-link\" href=\"https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\" style=\"--ih-crumb-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ih-crumb-font-size:13px;--ih-crumb-line-height:22px;--ih-crumb-font-weight:400;--ih-crumb-font-style:normal;--ih-crumb-letter-spacing:1.536px;--ih-crumb-text-transform:uppercase;--ih-crumb-link-color:#6E6B6D;\">HOME<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ih__breadcrumb-sep\" style=\"--ih-sep-color:#6E6B6D;--ih-sep-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ih-sep-font-size:13px;--ih-sep-line-height:22px;--ih-sep-letter-spacing:1.536px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"ponca-ih__breadcrumb-link\" href=\"https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/about-the-nation\/\" style=\"--ih-crumb-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ih-crumb-font-size:13px;--ih-crumb-line-height:22px;--ih-crumb-font-weight:400;--ih-crumb-font-style:normal;--ih-crumb-letter-spacing:1.536px;--ih-crumb-text-transform:uppercase;--ih-crumb-link-color:#6E6B6D;\">About the Nation<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ih__breadcrumb-sep\" style=\"--ih-sep-color:#6E6B6D;--ih-sep-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ih-sep-font-size:13px;--ih-sep-line-height:22px;--ih-sep-letter-spacing:1.536px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ih__breadcrumb-current\" style=\"--ih-crumb-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ih-crumb-font-size:13px;--ih-crumb-line-height:22px;--ih-crumb-font-weight:400;--ih-crumb-font-style:normal;--ih-crumb-letter-spacing:1.536px;--ih-crumb-text-transform:uppercase;--ih-crumb-current-color:#a78607;\" aria-current=\"page\">OUR STORY<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"ponca-ih__title\" style=\"--ih-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ih-title-font-size:96px;--ih-title-line-height:106px;--ih-title-font-weight:400;--ih-title-letter-spacing:-0.96px;--ih-title-color:#E2D7CA;--ih-title-margin-bottom:0px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ih__title-line\" style=\"--ih-title-line-color:#E2D7CA;--ih-title-line-font-style:normal;\">Our Living<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ih__title-line\" style=\"--ih-title-line-color:#DEB209;--ih-title-line-font-style:italic;\">Culture <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<!-- Right column -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ih__right\" style=\"--ih-right-width:clamp(320px, 44vw, 704px);--ih-right-gap:32px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-ih__description\" style=\"--ih-desc-color:#A1A0A0;--ih-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ih-desc-font-size:clamp(18px, 1.46vw, 22px);--ih-desc-line-height:1.1;--ih-desc-font-weight:400;--ih-desc-font-style:normal;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tShare, Preserve, Protect, Recover, and Grow our resilient Cultural<br>Identity through Language and Traditions.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ih__stats\" style=\"--ih-stats-gap:32px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ih__stat\" style=\"--ih-stat-gap:12px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ih__stat-num\" style=\"--ih-stat-num-color:#DEB209;--ih-stat-num-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ih-stat-num-font-size:48px;--ih-stat-num-line-height:48px;--ih-stat-num-font-weight:300;--ih-stat-num-font-style:italic;--ih-stat-num-letter-spacing:0px;\">7<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ih__stat-lbl\" style=\"--ih-stat-lbl-color:#F0EBE4;--ih-stat-lbl-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ih-stat-lbl-font-size:13px;--ih-stat-lbl-line-height:18px;--ih-stat-lbl-font-weight:400;--ih-stat-lbl-font-style:normal;--ih-stat-lbl-letter-spacing:1.28px;--ih-stat-lbl-text-transform:uppercase;--ih-stat-lbl-max-width:120px;\">Generations Forward<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ih__stat-divider\" style=\"--ih-divider-width:1px;--ih-divider-height:36px;--ih-divider-bg:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ih__stat\" style=\"--ih-stat-gap:12px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ih__stat-num\" style=\"--ih-stat-num-color:#DEB209;--ih-stat-num-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ih-stat-num-font-size:48px;--ih-stat-num-line-height:48px;--ih-stat-num-font-weight:300;--ih-stat-num-font-style:italic;--ih-stat-num-letter-spacing:0px;\">5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ih__stat-lbl\" style=\"--ih-stat-lbl-color:#F0EBE4;--ih-stat-lbl-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ih-stat-lbl-font-size:13px;--ih-stat-lbl-line-height:18px;--ih-stat-lbl-font-weight:400;--ih-stat-lbl-font-style:normal;--ih-stat-lbl-letter-spacing:1.28px;--ih-stat-lbl-text-transform:uppercase;--ih-stat-lbl-max-width:120px;\">Cultural Programs<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ih__stat-divider\" style=\"--ih-divider-width:1px;--ih-divider-height:36px;--ih-divider-bg:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ih__stat\" style=\"--ih-stat-gap:12px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ih__stat-num\" style=\"--ih-stat-num-color:#DEB209;--ih-stat-num-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ih-stat-num-font-size:48px;--ih-stat-num-line-height:48px;--ih-stat-num-font-weight:300;--ih-stat-num-font-style:italic;--ih-stat-num-letter-spacing:0px;\">1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ih__stat-lbl\" style=\"--ih-stat-lbl-color:#F0EBE4;--ih-stat-lbl-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ih-stat-lbl-font-size:13px;--ih-stat-lbl-line-height:18px;--ih-stat-lbl-font-weight:400;--ih-stat-lbl-font-style:normal;--ih-stat-lbl-letter-spacing:1.28px;--ih-stat-lbl-text-transform:uppercase;--ih-stat-lbl-max-width:120px;\">Living Language<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section style=\"background-color: #0D0F0E;min-height: 914px;--ponca-sbf-highlight: #DEB209;--ponca-sbf-cta-hover-bg: #c8a008;--ponca-sbf-cta-hover-color: #0D0F0E\" class=\"sec_padding alignfull wp-block-ponca-standing-bear-feature\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sbf__watermark\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"right: -29px; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-style: italic; font-weight: 300; font-size: 576px; line-height: 576px; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.02);\">\n\t\t\t1879\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-sbf__wrap\" style=\"gap: 64px; max-width: 1264px\">\n\n\t\t<!-- ============ Portrait column ============ -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sbf__portrait-col\" style=\"gap: 23px; flex: 0 0 380px;\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sbf__card\" style=\"width: 380px; height: 564px; background-color: ; border: 1px solid #b8784d00; border-radius: 16px; box-shadow: ;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/standing-bear.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Chief Standing Bear of the Ponca Tribe\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdecoding=\"async\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"object-fit: contain; object-position: center top;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sbf__card-inner-border\" style=\"border: 1px solid #b8784d00; border-radius: 16px;\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sbf__caption-title\" style=\"color: #A1A0A0; font-family: DM Sans; font-size: 14.4px; line-height: 23px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 0.576px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\tChief Standing Bear\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sbf__caption-subtitle\" style=\"color: #DEB209; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 28px; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: 0.576px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\tM\u0105\u010d\u00fa N\u0105\u017e\u012f\u0300\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<!-- ============ Story column ============ -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sbf__story-col\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sbf__eyebrow\" style=\"color: #A78607; font-family: DM Sans; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 2.304px; text-transform: uppercase;\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTHE MOMENT THAT CHANGED EVERYTHING\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-sbf__heading\" style=\"color: #E2D7CA; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 56px; line-height: 62px; font-weight: 300; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: -0.56px; padding-bottom: 21px;\">\n\t\t\t\tStanding Bear v. Crook,\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-sbf__heading-accent\" style=\"color: #A78607; font-style: italic; font-weight: 300;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t1879\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sbf__quote\" style=\"padding-left: 42px; margin: 0 0 16px 0;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sbf__quote-bar\" style=\"width: 3px; background-color: #B8784E;\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sbf__quote-bigmark\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"top: -58px; left: -12px; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 96px; line-height: 96px; color: rgba(184,120,78,0.12);\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201c\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"ponca-sbf__quote-text\" style=\"color: #F0EBE4; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 32px; line-height: 46px; font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tI am a man. The same God made us both.\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sbf__body\" style=\"gap: 16px; margin-top: 16px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #A1A0A0; font-family: DM Sans; font-size: 18px; line-height: 33px; font-weight: 400;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAfter the Ponca were forcibly removed to Indian Territory in Oklahoma, Chief Standing Bear&#8217;s son died \u2014 but not before making his father promise to bury him in their homeland. Standing Bear led a small band of Ponca on a 600-mile journey home.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #A1A0A0; font-family: DM Sans; font-size: 18px; line-height: 33px; font-weight: 400;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tArrested near Omaha by General George Crook, Standing Bear challenged his detention in federal court. On May 12, 1879, Judge Elmer Dundy ruled That <strong>&#8220;an Indian is a person&#8221;<\/strong> within the meaning of the law \u2014 the first time a Native American was recognized as a person with legal rights in a US court.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"ponca-sbf__cta\"\n\t\t\t\t   href=\"#homeland-history\"\n\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t   style=\"gap: 19px; background-color: #DEB209; color: #0D0F0E; font-family: DM Sans; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 1px; text-transform: uppercase; padding: 18px 32px; border-radius: 4px; margin-top: 16px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-sbf__cta-label\">READ THE FULL STORY<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-sbf__cta-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section style=\"--phh-bg:#FFFDF6;--phh-pad-top:0px;--phh-pad-right:48px;--phh-pad-bottom:0px;--phh-pad-left:0px;--phh-max-width:1504px;--phh-container-gap:30px;--phh-column-gap:clamp(24px, 4vw, 80px);--phh-left-width:clamp(340px, 45vw, 768px);--phh-right-width:clamp(280px, 43vw, 648px);--phh-eyebrow-color:#DEB209;--phh-eyebrow-font-family:DM Sans;--phh-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--phh-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--phh-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--phh-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--phh-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--phh-heading-color:#0D0F0E;--phh-heading-font-family:Cormorant Garamond;--phh-heading-font-size:56px;--phh-heading-line-height:62px;--phh-heading-font-weight:300;--phh-heading-font-style:normal;--phh-heading-letter-spacing:-0.56px;--phh-heading-margin-top:14px;--phh-heading-accent-color:#a78607;--phh-heading-accent-font-style:italic;--phh-heading-accent-font-weight:300;--phh-body-gap:16px;--phh-body-margin-top:24px;--phh-body-color:#474747;--phh-body-font-family:DM Sans;--phh-body-font-size:18px;--phh-body-line-height:30px;--phh-body-font-weight:400;--phh-card-bg:#0D0F0E;--phh-card-border-width:1px;--phh-card-radius:0px;--phh-card-padding:40px;--phh-card-gap:20px;--phh-card-min-height:277px;--phh-card-eyebrow-color:#A78607;--phh-card-eyebrow-font-family:DM Sans;--phh-card-eyebrow-font-size:10px;--phh-card-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--phh-card-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--phh-card-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--phh-card-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--phh-card-body-color:#E2D7CA;--phh-card-body-font-family:Cormorant Garamond;--phh-card-body-font-size:24px;--phh-card-body-line-height:130%;--phh-card-body-font-weight:400;--phh-card-body-font-style:normal;--phh-imgcard-height:329px;--phh-imgcard-radius:0px;--phh-imgcard-object-fit:cover;--phh-imgcard-object-position:center center;--phh-imgcard-overlay:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0,0,0,0) 0%, #000000 100%);--phh-imgcard-overlay-opacity:1;--phh-imgcard-caption-left:31px;--phh-imgcard-caption-bottom:31px;--phh-imgcard-caption-gap:5px;--phh-imgcard-title-color:#DEB209;--phh-imgcard-title-font-family:Cormorant Garamond;--phh-imgcard-title-font-size:30px;--phh-imgcard-title-line-height:39px;--phh-imgcard-title-font-weight:400;--phh-imgcard-title-font-style:normal;--phh-imgcard-subtitle-color:#E2D7CA;--phh-imgcard-subtitle-font-family:DM Sans;--phh-imgcard-subtitle-font-size:13px;--phh-imgcard-subtitle-line-height:17px;--phh-imgcard-subtitle-font-weight:400;--phh-imgcard-subtitle-text-transform:capitalize;--phh-footer-height:83px;--phh-footer-opacity:1;--phh-footer-margin-top:0px;--phh-footer-image:url(https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-pattern.svg);--phh-footer-repeat:repeat-x;--phh-footer-position:left bottom;--phh-footer-size:auto clamp(56px, 5vw, 83px)\" class=\"sec_padding_footer alignfull wp-block-ponca-homeland-history\" id=\"homeland-history\">\n\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-hh__inner\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hh__wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t<!-- ====== Left column ====== -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hh__left\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hh__eyebrow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tORIGINS\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-hh__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-hh__heading-line ponca-hh__heading-line--before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHomeland &amp;\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-hh__heading-line ponca-hh__heading-line--accent\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEarly History\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hh__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The history of the <strong>P&#8217;<\/strong>a\u0328<strong>\u0301&#8217;k&#8217;a<\/strong> (Ponca) began long before our encounters with Europeans and the establishment of the United States. Our history has been carried across generations through our language, oral traditions, ceremonies, relationships, and the knowledge entrusted by our ancestors to the generations who followed.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our ancestors carried an ancient name for the Atlantic Ocean: <strong>n\u00ed&#8217;t&#8217;\u0105g\u00e0\u00a0<\/strong> (Big Water). From the lands near the Big Water, we began a long migration westward that would eventually carry our people across much of the continent.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our story did not begin when others encountered us or began writing about us. Our story has always belonged to us.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<!-- ====== Right column ====== -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hh__right\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hh__imgcard\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/niobrara-river.png\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Niobrara River, Nebraska \u2014 Traditional Ponca Homeland\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdecoding=\"async\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hh__imgcard-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hh__imgcard-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hh__imgcard-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNiobrara River, Nebraska\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hh__imgcard-subtitle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTraditional Ponca Homeland\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hh__footer\" role=\"presentation\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section style=\"--ponca-fd-section-bg:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-py:128px;--ponca-fd-px:48px;--ponca-fd-container-maxw:1600px;--ponca-fd-container-gap:60px;--ponca-fd-header-gap:24px;--ponca-fd-header-inner-gap:14px;--ponca-fd-header-top-align:center;--ponca-fd-header-btn-justify:flex-end;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-title-font-size:56px;--ponca-fd-title-line-height:62px;--ponca-fd-title-font-weight:300;--ponca-fd-title-letter-spacing:-0.56px;--ponca-fd-title-top-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-title-top-style:normal;--ponca-fd-title-bottom-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-title-bottom-style:italic;--ponca-fd-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-desc-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-desc-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-desc-maxw:1542px;--ponca-fd-desc-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-color:#6E6E6E;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-size:28px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-line-height:34px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-letter-spacing:normal;--ponca-fd-cards-cols:2;--ponca-fd-cards-minitem:320px;--ponca-fd-cards-gap:30px;--ponca-fd-card-bg:#FFFDF6;--ponca-fd-card-bg-hover:#FBF5E2;--ponca-fd-card-border:1px solid #F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-card-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-card-padding:40px;--ponca-fd-card-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-card-section-gap:40px;--ponca-fd-card-text-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-card-highlight-bg:#FFFDF6;--ponca-fd-card-highlight-border:1px solid #B28E07;--ponca-fd-banner-h:270px;--ponca-fd-banner-bg:#F5F5F5;--ponca-fd-banner-fit:cover;--ponca-fd-banner-position:center center;--ponca-fd-icon-size:30px;--ponca-fd-card-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-size:32px;--ponca-fd-card-title-line-height:37px;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-title-letter-spacing:0.576px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-line-height:25px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-badge-size:44px;--ponca-fd-badge-bg:#FAF3DA;--ponca-fd-badge-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-badge-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-badge-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-badge-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-badge-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-badge-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-link-stack-gap:11px;--ponca-fd-link-row-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-link-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-link-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-link-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-link-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-size:12.8px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-weight:700;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-underline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-topline-color:#F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-link-topline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-top-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-link-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-color-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-link-underline:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-underline-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-hb-gap:12px;--ponca-fd-hb-bg:#8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-hb-border:0px solid #8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-radius:2px;--ponca-fd-hb-padding:18px 30px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-hb-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-hb-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-hb-letter-spacing:1.5px;--ponca-fd-hb-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-bg:#6E1109;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-header-main-w:50%;--ponca-fd-header-media-maxw:50%;--ponca-fd-header-media-fit:contain;--ponca-fd-header-media-valign:flex-start;--ponca-fd-header-media-justify:flex-end;--ponca-fd-header-media-gap:60px;--ponca-fd-alert-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-alert-bg:#6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-border:0px solid #6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-alert-padding:32px 40px;--ponca-fd-alert-mb:60px;--ponca-fd-alert-content-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-alert-icon-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-weight:500;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-alert-title-letter-spacing:normal;--ponca-fd-alert-text-color:#F2D9D6;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-alert-text-line-height:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-alert-text-maxw:1200px;--ponca-fd-bottom-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-bottom-link:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-bottom-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-bottom-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-bottom-maxw:1100px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-gap:0px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-mt:24px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-gap:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-bg:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-border:1px solid #F0E9CE;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-radius:8px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-padding:16px 20px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-size:44px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg:#FBEAE9;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color:#9A9A9A;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-bg:transparent;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-border:1px solid #E3D08A;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-padding:9px 18px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-size:12px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-letter-spacing:1px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-bg:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg-locked:#F4F4F4;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color-locked:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-color:#848484;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-border:#848484\" class=\"ponca-fd has-mobile-title-stack sec_padding wp-block-ponca-foundational-docs\">\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-fd__container\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-fd__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-top\">Our Dhegiha <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-bottom\">Beginnings<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__description-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-fd__description\">Our language and ancient history connect us to the other Dhegiha peoples whose descendants today include the <strong>P&#8217;<\/strong>a\u0328<strong>\u0301&#8217;k&#8217;a<\/strong> (Ponca)<strong>, Umo\u207fho\u207f<\/strong> (Omaha), <strong>Osage, Kaw, and Og\u00e1xpa<\/strong> (Quapaw) Nations.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Oral tradition preserves memories of ancient migrations when the ancestors of these related peoples traveled together before following different paths. Our shared ancestors traveled westward through the Ohio River Valley, eventually reaching the Mississippi River. There, our ancestors became part of the great Indigenous cultural world associated today with Cahokia, near present-day East St. Louis.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Cahokia and the surrounding Mississippi River Valley were home to large Indigenous communities supported by agriculture, extensive trade networks, ceremony, and traditions of constructing monumental earthworks and mounds. Our ancestors participated in this broader cultural world before continuing their journey.\u00a0<br><br>These eastern origins remain important to understanding who we are today. Although generations of Ponca people would eventually make their homes on the Great Plains, moving west did not require us to abandon everything that came before.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n<section style=\"--ponca-fd-section-bg:#fffdf6;--ponca-fd-py:128px;--ponca-fd-px:48px;--ponca-fd-container-maxw:1600px;--ponca-fd-container-gap:clamp(30px, 4vw, 60px);--ponca-fd-header-gap:24px;--ponca-fd-header-inner-gap:14px;--ponca-fd-header-top-align:center;--ponca-fd-header-btn-justify:flex-end;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-title-font-size:56px;--ponca-fd-title-line-height:62px;--ponca-fd-title-font-weight:300;--ponca-fd-title-letter-spacing:-0.56px;--ponca-fd-title-top-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-title-top-style:normal;--ponca-fd-title-bottom-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-title-bottom-style:italic;--ponca-fd-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-desc-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-desc-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-desc-maxw:1542px;--ponca-fd-desc-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-color:#6E6E6E;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-size:28px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-line-height:34px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-letter-spacing:normal;--ponca-fd-cards-cols:2;--ponca-fd-cards-minitem:320px;--ponca-fd-cards-gap:30px;--ponca-fd-card-bg:#FFFDF6;--ponca-fd-card-bg-hover:#FBF5E2;--ponca-fd-card-border:1px solid #F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-card-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-card-padding:40px;--ponca-fd-card-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-card-section-gap:40px;--ponca-fd-card-text-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-card-highlight-bg:#FFFDF6;--ponca-fd-card-highlight-border:1px solid #B28E07;--ponca-fd-banner-h:270px;--ponca-fd-banner-bg:#F5F5F5;--ponca-fd-banner-fit:cover;--ponca-fd-banner-position:center center;--ponca-fd-icon-size:30px;--ponca-fd-card-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-size:32px;--ponca-fd-card-title-line-height:37px;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-title-letter-spacing:0.576px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-line-height:25px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-badge-size:44px;--ponca-fd-badge-bg:#FAF3DA;--ponca-fd-badge-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-badge-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-badge-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-badge-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-badge-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-badge-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-link-stack-gap:11px;--ponca-fd-link-row-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-link-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-link-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-link-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-link-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-size:12.8px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-weight:700;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-underline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-topline-color:#F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-link-topline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-top-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-link-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-color-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-link-underline:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-underline-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-hb-gap:12px;--ponca-fd-hb-bg:#8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-hb-border:0px solid #8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-radius:2px;--ponca-fd-hb-padding:18px 30px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-hb-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-hb-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-hb-letter-spacing:1.5px;--ponca-fd-hb-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-bg:#6E1109;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-header-main-w:46%;--ponca-fd-header-media-maxw:46%;--ponca-fd-header-media-fit:contain;--ponca-fd-header-media-valign:flex-start;--ponca-fd-header-media-justify:flex-end;--ponca-fd-header-media-gap:clamp(30px, 4vw, 60px);--ponca-fd-alert-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-alert-bg:#6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-border:0px solid #6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-alert-padding:32px 40px;--ponca-fd-alert-mb:60px;--ponca-fd-alert-content-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-alert-icon-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-weight:500;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-alert-title-letter-spacing:normal;--ponca-fd-alert-text-color:#F2D9D6;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-alert-text-line-height:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-alert-text-maxw:1200px;--ponca-fd-bottom-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-bottom-link:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-bottom-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-bottom-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-bottom-maxw:1100px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-gap:0px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-mt:24px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-gap:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-bg:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-border:1px solid #F0E9CE;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-radius:8px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-padding:16px 20px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-size:44px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg:#FBEAE9;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color:#9A9A9A;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-bg:transparent;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-border:1px solid #E3D08A;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-padding:9px 18px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-size:12px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-letter-spacing:1px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-bg:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg-locked:#F4F4F4;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color-locked:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-color:#848484;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-border:#848484\" class=\"ponca-fd has-mobile-title-stack sec_padding_footer wp-block-ponca-foundational-docs\">\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-fd__container\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header has-header-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-main\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-fd__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-top\">The Dhegiha Peoples <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-bottom\">Separate<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__description-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-fd__description\">It was around the Mississippi River that the Dhegiha peoples began following different paths.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Our oral history remembers the <strong>Og\u00e1xpa, or Quapaw,<\/strong> as the first to separate. As the people crossed the Mississippi River using a vine, the vine broke, separating part of the people and carrying them downstream. Their name, <strong>Og\u00e1xpa<\/strong> (Downstream People)<strong>,<\/strong> preserves the memory of that separation.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>The Osage and Kaw eventually traveled farther west and southwest, while the ancestors of the Ponca and Umo\u207fho\u207f continued northward together. The name <strong>Umo\u207fho\u207f<\/strong> (Upstream People) also preserves the history of this ancient movement and separation.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Our ancestors eventually reached present-day southeastern South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota, where they lived within one of the great Indigenous village complexes of the region. Our people knew this place as <strong>\u00da&#8217;d<\/strong>a\u0328<strong>\u0300&#8217; M\u0105\u017e<\/strong>a\u0328<strong>\u0301<\/strong> (Good Earth)<strong>.<\/strong> Today, this culturally important landscape is associated with the Blood Run archaeological complex and Good Earth State Park near present-day Sioux Falls.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>\u00da&#8217;da\u0328\u0300&#8217; M\u0105\u017ea\u0328\u0301 was home to large Indigenous communities where our ancestors lived among and interacted with other Native peoples, including the Ioway. Agriculture, trade, ceremony, mound building, and relationships among Indigenous peoples were all part of life within this landscape.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>After leaving \u00da&#8217;da\u0328\u0300&#8217; M\u0105\u017ea\u0328\u0301, the Ponca and Umo\u207fho\u207f continued their journey together. Eventually, these two related peoples followed separate paths. The Umo\u207fho\u207f followed the Missouri River farther south, while our Ponca ancestors traveled west toward <strong>P&#8217;ah\u00e9 S\u00e1be<\/strong> (Black Hills).\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-media-stack\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/earth_lodge.jpg\" alt=\"earth_lodge\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__footer-pattern footer-pattern-bottom ponca-fd__footer-pattern--full ponca-fd__footer-pattern--touches-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--ponca-fd-foot-h:83px;--ponca-fd-foot-h-mobile:56px;--ponca-fd-foot-mt:60px;--ponca-fd-foot-opacity:1;--ponca-fd-foot-bg:transparent;--ponca-fd-foot-image:url(&#039;https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-pattern.svg&#039;);--ponca-fd-foot-repeat:repeat-x;--ponca-fd-foot-position:center bottom;--ponca-fd-foot-size:auto 100%;\"><\/div>\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n<section style=\"--ponca-fd-section-bg:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-py:128px;--ponca-fd-px:48px;--ponca-fd-container-maxw:1600px;--ponca-fd-container-gap:60px;--ponca-fd-header-gap:24px;--ponca-fd-header-inner-gap:14px;--ponca-fd-header-top-align:center;--ponca-fd-header-btn-justify:flex-end;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-title-font-size:56px;--ponca-fd-title-line-height:62px;--ponca-fd-title-font-weight:300;--ponca-fd-title-letter-spacing:-0.56px;--ponca-fd-title-top-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-title-top-style:normal;--ponca-fd-title-bottom-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-title-bottom-style:italic;--ponca-fd-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-desc-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-desc-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-desc-maxw:1542px;--ponca-fd-desc-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-color:#6E6E6E;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-size:28px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-line-height:34px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-letter-spacing:normal;--ponca-fd-cards-cols:2;--ponca-fd-cards-minitem:320px;--ponca-fd-cards-gap:30px;--ponca-fd-card-bg:#FFFDF6;--ponca-fd-card-bg-hover:#FBF5E2;--ponca-fd-card-border:1px solid #F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-card-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-card-padding:40px;--ponca-fd-card-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-card-section-gap:40px;--ponca-fd-card-text-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-card-highlight-bg:#FFFDF6;--ponca-fd-card-highlight-border:1px solid #B28E07;--ponca-fd-banner-h:270px;--ponca-fd-banner-bg:#F5F5F5;--ponca-fd-banner-fit:cover;--ponca-fd-banner-position:center center;--ponca-fd-icon-size:30px;--ponca-fd-card-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-size:32px;--ponca-fd-card-title-line-height:37px;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-title-letter-spacing:0.576px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-line-height:25px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-badge-size:44px;--ponca-fd-badge-bg:#FAF3DA;--ponca-fd-badge-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-badge-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-badge-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-badge-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-badge-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-badge-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-link-stack-gap:11px;--ponca-fd-link-row-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-link-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-link-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-link-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-link-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-size:12.8px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-weight:700;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-underline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-topline-color:#F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-link-topline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-top-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-link-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-color-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-link-underline:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-underline-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-hb-gap:12px;--ponca-fd-hb-bg:#8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-hb-border:0px solid #8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-radius:2px;--ponca-fd-hb-padding:18px 30px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-hb-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-hb-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-hb-letter-spacing:1.5px;--ponca-fd-hb-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-bg:#6E1109;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-header-main-w:46%;--ponca-fd-header-media-maxw:46%;--ponca-fd-header-media-fit:contain;--ponca-fd-header-media-valign:flex-start;--ponca-fd-header-media-justify:center;--ponca-fd-header-media-gap:60px;--ponca-fd-alert-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-alert-bg:#6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-border:0px solid #6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-alert-padding:32px 40px;--ponca-fd-alert-mb:60px;--ponca-fd-alert-content-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-alert-icon-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-weight:500;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-alert-title-letter-spacing:normal;--ponca-fd-alert-text-color:#F2D9D6;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-alert-text-line-height:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-alert-text-maxw:1200px;--ponca-fd-bottom-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-bottom-link:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-bottom-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-bottom-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-bottom-maxw:1100px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-gap:0px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-mt:24px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-gap:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-bg:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-border:1px solid #F0E9CE;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-radius:8px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-padding:16px 20px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-size:44px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg:#FBEAE9;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color:#9A9A9A;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-bg:transparent;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-border:1px solid #E3D08A;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-padding:9px 18px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-size:12px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-letter-spacing:1px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-bg:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg-locked:#F4F4F4;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color-locked:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-color:#848484;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-border:#848484\" class=\"ponca-fd has-mobile-title-stack sec_padding_footer wp-block-ponca-foundational-docs\">\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-fd__container\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header has-header-image header-image-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-main\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-fd__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-top\">Becoming <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-bottom\">P&#039;a\u0328&#039;k&#039;a\u00a0<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__description-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-fd__description\">There are different traditional interpretations of our name. Among them are <strong>\u201cThose Who Lead\u201d<\/strong> and <strong>\u201cthe Head.\u201d<\/strong> These interpretations have been carried within our community as part of our understanding of who we are and our place among our relatives.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Our journey onto the Great Plains required adaptation, but adaptation did not mean abandoning who we were. In the eastern woodlands, our ancestors lived in longhouses constructed from the materials of that environment. As our people established themselves on the Great Plains, we continued to exchange knowledge with other Indigenous Nations.\u00a0<br>\u00a0<br>Ponca tradition remembers that the Arikara shared knowledge with our people about constructing and living in the <strong>m\u0105\u00edti<\/strong> (the earthen lodge). Built from wooden poles, thatch, and earth, these circular dwellings were well suited to established agricultural communities on the Plains and became an important feature of Ponca village life.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Still, our older teachings traveled with us. That continuity remains visible in Ponca culture today. Many of our artistic traditions retain a strong connection to the floral forms associated with our eastern heritage. Flowers, leaves, vines, and other elements of the natural world continue to appear prominently in Ponca designs, even as our people became firmly established on the Great Plains.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-media-stack\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dancer_florals-e1789972914237.jpg\" alt=\"dancer_florals\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__footer-pattern footer-pattern-bottom ponca-fd__footer-pattern--full ponca-fd__footer-pattern--touches-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--ponca-fd-foot-h:83px;--ponca-fd-foot-h-mobile:56px;--ponca-fd-foot-mt:60px;--ponca-fd-foot-opacity:1;--ponca-fd-foot-bg:transparent;--ponca-fd-foot-image:url(&#039;https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-pattern.svg&#039;);--ponca-fd-foot-repeat:repeat-x;--ponca-fd-foot-position:center bottom;--ponca-fd-foot-size:auto 100%;\"><\/div>\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n<section style=\"--ponca-fd-section-bg:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-py:128px;--ponca-fd-px:48px;--ponca-fd-container-maxw:1600px;--ponca-fd-container-gap:60px;--ponca-fd-header-gap:24px;--ponca-fd-header-inner-gap:14px;--ponca-fd-header-top-align:center;--ponca-fd-header-btn-justify:flex-end;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-title-font-size:56px;--ponca-fd-title-line-height:62px;--ponca-fd-title-font-weight:300;--ponca-fd-title-letter-spacing:-0.56px;--ponca-fd-title-top-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-title-top-style:normal;--ponca-fd-title-bottom-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-title-bottom-style:italic;--ponca-fd-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-desc-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-desc-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-desc-maxw:1542px;--ponca-fd-desc-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-color:#6E6E6E;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-size:28px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-line-height:34px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-letter-spacing:normal;--ponca-fd-cards-cols:2;--ponca-fd-cards-minitem:320px;--ponca-fd-cards-gap:30px;--ponca-fd-card-bg:#FFFDF6;--ponca-fd-card-bg-hover:#FBF5E2;--ponca-fd-card-border:1px solid #F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-card-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-card-padding:40px;--ponca-fd-card-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-card-section-gap:40px;--ponca-fd-card-text-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-card-highlight-bg:#FFFDF6;--ponca-fd-card-highlight-border:1px solid #B28E07;--ponca-fd-banner-h:270px;--ponca-fd-banner-bg:#F5F5F5;--ponca-fd-banner-fit:cover;--ponca-fd-banner-position:center center;--ponca-fd-icon-size:30px;--ponca-fd-card-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-size:32px;--ponca-fd-card-title-line-height:37px;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-title-letter-spacing:0.576px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-line-height:25px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-badge-size:44px;--ponca-fd-badge-bg:#FAF3DA;--ponca-fd-badge-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-badge-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-badge-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-badge-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-badge-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-badge-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-link-stack-gap:11px;--ponca-fd-link-row-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-link-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-link-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-link-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-link-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-size:12.8px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-weight:700;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-underline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-topline-color:#F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-link-topline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-top-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-link-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-color-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-link-underline:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-underline-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-hb-gap:12px;--ponca-fd-hb-bg:#8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-hb-border:0px solid #8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-radius:2px;--ponca-fd-hb-padding:18px 30px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-hb-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-hb-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-hb-letter-spacing:1.5px;--ponca-fd-hb-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-bg:#6E1109;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-header-main-w:46%;--ponca-fd-header-media-maxw:46%;--ponca-fd-header-media-fit:contain;--ponca-fd-header-media-valign:flex-start;--ponca-fd-header-media-justify:flex-start;--ponca-fd-header-media-gap:60px;--ponca-fd-alert-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-alert-bg:#6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-border:0px solid #6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-alert-padding:32px 40px;--ponca-fd-alert-mb:60px;--ponca-fd-alert-content-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-alert-icon-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-weight:500;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-alert-title-letter-spacing:normal;--ponca-fd-alert-text-color:#F2D9D6;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-alert-text-line-height:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-alert-text-maxw:1200px;--ponca-fd-bottom-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-bottom-link:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-bottom-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-bottom-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-bottom-maxw:1100px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-gap:0px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-mt:24px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-gap:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-bg:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-border:1px solid #F0E9CE;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-radius:8px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-padding:16px 20px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-size:44px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg:#FBEAE9;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color:#9A9A9A;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-bg:transparent;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-border:1px solid #E3D08A;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-padding:9px 18px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-size:12px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-letter-spacing:1px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-bg:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg-locked:#F4F4F4;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color-locked:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-color:#848484;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-border:#848484\" class=\"ponca-fd has-mobile-title-stack sec_padding wp-block-ponca-foundational-docs\">\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-fd__container\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header has-header-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-main\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-fd__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-top\">Family, Clan, and <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-bottom\">Community<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__description-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-fd__description\">Our villages were communities of extended families in which multiple generations shared the responsibilities of everyday life. Grandparents, parents, children, and other relatives lived in close relationship with one another, allowing knowledge and responsibilities to pass naturally from one generation to the next. Children learned what it meant to be P&#8217;a\u0328\u0301&#8217;k&#8217;a not only through instruction, but by watching, listening, participating, and growing within a community of relatives.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Beyond individual households, our clans helped organize Ponca society. Clan relationships connected families across the larger Nation and carried responsibilities involving kinship, marriage, leadership, and community life.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Generosity was central to those relationships. Giving began within the family, where children learned through the example of their relatives that what a person possessed carried responsibilities to others.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>These values helped bind our communities together and ensured that knowledge was not held only for oneself, but carried forward for future generations.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-media-stack\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/hand_game.jpg\" alt=\"N27137\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n<section style=\"--ponca-fd-section-bg:#fffdf6;--ponca-fd-py:128px;--ponca-fd-px:48px;--ponca-fd-container-maxw:1600px;--ponca-fd-container-gap:60px;--ponca-fd-header-gap:24px;--ponca-fd-header-inner-gap:14px;--ponca-fd-header-top-align:center;--ponca-fd-header-btn-justify:flex-end;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-title-font-size:56px;--ponca-fd-title-line-height:62px;--ponca-fd-title-font-weight:300;--ponca-fd-title-letter-spacing:-0.56px;--ponca-fd-title-top-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-title-top-style:normal;--ponca-fd-title-bottom-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-title-bottom-style:italic;--ponca-fd-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-desc-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-desc-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-desc-maxw:1542px;--ponca-fd-desc-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-color:#6E6E6E;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-size:28px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-line-height:34px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-letter-spacing:normal;--ponca-fd-cards-cols:2;--ponca-fd-cards-minitem:320px;--ponca-fd-cards-gap:30px;--ponca-fd-card-bg:#FFFDF6;--ponca-fd-card-bg-hover:#FBF5E2;--ponca-fd-card-border:1px solid #F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-card-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-card-padding:40px;--ponca-fd-card-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-card-section-gap:40px;--ponca-fd-card-text-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-card-highlight-bg:#FFFDF6;--ponca-fd-card-highlight-border:1px solid #B28E07;--ponca-fd-banner-h:270px;--ponca-fd-banner-bg:#F5F5F5;--ponca-fd-banner-fit:cover;--ponca-fd-banner-position:center center;--ponca-fd-icon-size:30px;--ponca-fd-card-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-size:32px;--ponca-fd-card-title-line-height:37px;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-title-letter-spacing:0.576px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-line-height:25px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-badge-size:44px;--ponca-fd-badge-bg:#FAF3DA;--ponca-fd-badge-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-badge-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-badge-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-badge-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-badge-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-badge-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-link-stack-gap:11px;--ponca-fd-link-row-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-link-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-link-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-link-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-link-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-size:12.8px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-weight:700;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-underline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-topline-color:#F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-link-topline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-top-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-link-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-color-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-link-underline:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-underline-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-hb-gap:12px;--ponca-fd-hb-bg:#8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-hb-border:0px solid #8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-radius:2px;--ponca-fd-hb-padding:18px 30px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-hb-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-hb-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-hb-letter-spacing:1.5px;--ponca-fd-hb-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-bg:#6E1109;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-header-main-w:46%;--ponca-fd-header-media-maxw:46%;--ponca-fd-header-media-fit:contain;--ponca-fd-header-media-valign:flex-start;--ponca-fd-header-media-justify:flex-end;--ponca-fd-header-media-gap:60px;--ponca-fd-alert-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-alert-bg:#6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-border:0px solid #6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-alert-padding:32px 40px;--ponca-fd-alert-mb:60px;--ponca-fd-alert-content-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-alert-icon-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-weight:500;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-alert-title-letter-spacing:normal;--ponca-fd-alert-text-color:#F2D9D6;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-alert-text-line-height:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-alert-text-maxw:1200px;--ponca-fd-bottom-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-bottom-link:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-bottom-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-bottom-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-bottom-maxw:1100px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-gap:0px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-mt:24px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-gap:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-bg:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-border:1px solid #F0E9CE;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-radius:8px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-padding:16px 20px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-size:44px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg:#FBEAE9;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color:#9A9A9A;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-bg:transparent;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-border:1px solid #E3D08A;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-padding:9px 18px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-size:12px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-letter-spacing:1px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-bg:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg-locked:#F4F4F4;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color-locked:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-color:#848484;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-border:#848484\" class=\"ponca-fd has-mobile-title-stack sec_padding_footer wp-block-ponca-foundational-docs\">\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-fd__container\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header has-header-image header-image-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-main\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-fd__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-top\">Living With <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-bottom\">the Land\u00a0<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__description-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-fd__description\">Ponca life followed the seasons. The Ponca were accomplished agriculturalists. They planted and harvested <strong>wat<\/strong>a\u0328<strong>\u0301 zi<\/strong> (corn) and other crops in the fertile lands surrounding our villages.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Among the corn still grown by Ponca people today is <strong>Ponca Grey Corn<\/strong>, preserved and passed from one generation to another. Its seed connects our people to an agricultural tradition extending back through countless generations.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>We were also excellent fishermen, drawing sustenance from the rivers and tributaries surrounding our communities. Hunting and gathering provided additional food and materials necessary for our people.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Each year, our people conducted two major hunts for <strong>t&#8217;\u00e9<\/strong> (buffalo) traditionally in the spring and fall. Families left their established villages and traveled onto the Plains to follow the buffalo before returning to their homes, fields, and riverways.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Ponca life combined established agricultural villages with fishing, hunting, gathering, and seasonal travel. We understood the seasons and knew when to plant, when to harvest, when to hunt, when to fish, and when to travel.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Ponca tradition also teaches that our people did not occupy a single village site indefinitely. After living and farming in an area for a period of time, a community would move to a new location, allowing the previously occupied <strong>m\u0105\u017e<\/strong>a\u0328<strong>\u0301<\/strong> (land) an opportunity to recover. The land sustained our people, and our people understood that we carried responsibilities to the land in return.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-media-stack\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Ponca_grey_corn.jpg\" alt=\"Ponca_grey_corn\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__footer-pattern footer-pattern-bottom ponca-fd__footer-pattern--full ponca-fd__footer-pattern--touches-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--ponca-fd-foot-h:83px;--ponca-fd-foot-h-mobile:56px;--ponca-fd-foot-mt:60px;--ponca-fd-foot-opacity:1;--ponca-fd-foot-bg:transparent;--ponca-fd-foot-image:url(&#039;https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-pattern.svg&#039;);--ponca-fd-foot-repeat:repeat-x;--ponca-fd-foot-position:center bottom;--ponca-fd-foot-size:auto 100%;\"><\/div>\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n<section style=\"--ponca-fd-section-bg:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-py:128px;--ponca-fd-px:48px;--ponca-fd-container-maxw:1600px;--ponca-fd-container-gap:60px;--ponca-fd-header-gap:24px;--ponca-fd-header-inner-gap:14px;--ponca-fd-header-top-align:center;--ponca-fd-header-btn-justify:flex-end;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-title-font-size:56px;--ponca-fd-title-line-height:62px;--ponca-fd-title-font-weight:300;--ponca-fd-title-letter-spacing:-0.56px;--ponca-fd-title-top-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-title-top-style:normal;--ponca-fd-title-bottom-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-title-bottom-style:italic;--ponca-fd-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-desc-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-desc-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-desc-maxw:1542px;--ponca-fd-desc-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-color:#6E6E6E;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-size:28px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-line-height:34px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-letter-spacing:normal;--ponca-fd-cards-cols:2;--ponca-fd-cards-minitem:320px;--ponca-fd-cards-gap:30px;--ponca-fd-card-bg:#FFFDF6;--ponca-fd-card-bg-hover:#FBF5E2;--ponca-fd-card-border:1px solid #F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-card-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-card-padding:40px;--ponca-fd-card-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-card-section-gap:40px;--ponca-fd-card-text-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-card-highlight-bg:#FFFDF6;--ponca-fd-card-highlight-border:1px solid #B28E07;--ponca-fd-banner-h:270px;--ponca-fd-banner-bg:#F5F5F5;--ponca-fd-banner-fit:cover;--ponca-fd-banner-position:center center;--ponca-fd-icon-size:30px;--ponca-fd-card-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-size:32px;--ponca-fd-card-title-line-height:37px;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-title-letter-spacing:0.576px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-line-height:25px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-badge-size:44px;--ponca-fd-badge-bg:#FAF3DA;--ponca-fd-badge-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-badge-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-badge-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-badge-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-badge-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-badge-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-link-stack-gap:11px;--ponca-fd-link-row-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-link-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-link-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-link-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-link-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-size:12.8px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-weight:700;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-underline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-topline-color:#F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-link-topline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-top-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-link-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-color-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-link-underline:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-underline-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-hb-gap:12px;--ponca-fd-hb-bg:#8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-hb-border:0px solid #8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-radius:2px;--ponca-fd-hb-padding:18px 30px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-hb-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-hb-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-hb-letter-spacing:1.5px;--ponca-fd-hb-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-bg:#6E1109;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-header-main-w:50%;--ponca-fd-header-media-maxw:50%;--ponca-fd-header-media-fit:contain;--ponca-fd-header-media-valign:flex-start;--ponca-fd-header-media-justify:flex-end;--ponca-fd-header-media-gap:60px;--ponca-fd-alert-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-alert-bg:#6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-border:0px solid #6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-alert-padding:32px 40px;--ponca-fd-alert-mb:60px;--ponca-fd-alert-content-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-alert-icon-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-weight:500;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-alert-title-letter-spacing:normal;--ponca-fd-alert-text-color:#F2D9D6;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-alert-text-line-height:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-alert-text-maxw:1200px;--ponca-fd-bottom-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-bottom-link:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-bottom-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-bottom-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-bottom-maxw:1100px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-gap:0px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-mt:24px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-gap:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-bg:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-border:1px solid #F0E9CE;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-radius:8px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-padding:16px 20px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-size:44px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg:#FBEAE9;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color:#9A9A9A;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-bg:transparent;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-border:1px solid #E3D08A;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-padding:9px 18px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-size:12px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-letter-spacing:1px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-bg:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg-locked:#F4F4F4;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color-locked:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-color:#848484;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-border:#848484\" class=\"ponca-fd has-mobile-title-stack sec_padding wp-block-ponca-foundational-docs\">\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-fd__container\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-fd__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-top\">Ma\u017ea\u0328&#039; I\u0161&#039;\u00e1ge &#8211; <\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-bottom\">Our Homelands\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__description-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-fd__description\">Eventually, our people traveled eastward again from the Black Hills and established communities throughout the river valleys of what are now southern South Dakota and northern Nebraska. This country became our <strong>ma\u017e<\/strong>a\u0328<strong>\u0301 i\u0161&#8217;\u00e1ge<\/strong> (homelands).\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Our homelands encompassed a vast landscape west of the Missouri River and across what is now Nebraska. Our people lived, hunted, traveled, traded, and maintained relationships throughout a network of waterways that included the <strong>Missouri River, Ni\u00fa&#8217;b\u0111\u00e1\u0111a<\/strong> (the Niobrara River)<strong>, the Elkhorn River, the Platte River, Ponca Creek<\/strong>, and their tributaries. Our connections extended westward toward <strong>P&#8217;ah\u00e9 S\u00e1be<\/strong> (the Black Hills).<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<br><br>The Niobrara and Missouri River country became an especially important center of Ponca life and one of the final strongholds of our people before the tremendous upheavals of the nineteenth century.\u00a0<br><br><strong>Our Three Villages\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<br>Near the confluence of the <strong>Ni\u00fa&#8217;b\u0111\u00e1\u0111a<\/strong> (the Niobrara River) and the Missouri River stood three of our last major village communities before the forced removal of our people to Indian Territory.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br><strong>Hub\u0111<\/strong>a\u0328<strong>\u0301<\/strong> (Fish Smell Village): <strong>Hub\u0111<\/strong>a\u0328<strong>\u0301<\/strong>, literally referring to <strong>\u201cthe smell of fish,\u201d<\/strong> was one of our three historic village communities near the confluence of the Niobrara and Missouri Rivers.\u00a0<br>\u00a0<br><strong>Wa&#8217;<\/strong>\u012f<strong>\u0301&#8217;xud\u00e8<\/strong> (Gray Robe Village)<strong>: Wa&#8217;<\/strong>i\u0328<strong>\u0301&#8217;xud\u00e8<\/strong> was another of the three communities where our ancestors lived within our Nebraska homelands before removal.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br><strong>K&#8217;\u00fa&#8217;he&#8217;wa\u0111\u00e8<\/strong> (Scary Village): <strong>K&#8217;\u00fa&#8217;he&#8217;wad\u00e8<\/strong> carries a name referring to a place that is scary or to something that makes a place scary. It was the third of these historic Ponca village sites near the confluence of the Niobrara and Missouri Rivers.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>These were not merely settlements or archaeological sites. They were our communities. Here we built m\u0105\u00edti, raised families, planted and harvested crops, hunted t&#8217;\u00e9, fished the rivers, practiced our ceremonies, buried our relatives, and passed our language, knowledge, and responsibilities from one generation to the next.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Hub\u0111a\u0328\u0301, Wa&#8217;i\u0328\u0301&#8217;xud\u00e8, and K&#8217;\u00fa&#8217;he&#8217;wa\u0111\u00e8 existed within a much larger Ponca cultural landscape. The surrounding agricultural fields, hunting grounds, waterways, trails, gathering areas, sacred places, and burial grounds were known, traveled, used, and cared for by generations of our people. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, this country was already home to generations of P&#8217;a\u0328\u0301&#8217;k&#8217;a. Our villages were part of a living Nation within a living homeland.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n<section style=\"--ponca-fd-section-bg:#fffdf6;--ponca-fd-py:128px;--ponca-fd-px:48px;--ponca-fd-container-maxw:1600px;--ponca-fd-container-gap:60px;--ponca-fd-header-gap:24px;--ponca-fd-header-inner-gap:14px;--ponca-fd-header-top-align:center;--ponca-fd-header-btn-justify:flex-end;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-title-font-size:56px;--ponca-fd-title-line-height:62px;--ponca-fd-title-font-weight:300;--ponca-fd-title-letter-spacing:-0.56px;--ponca-fd-title-top-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-title-top-style:normal;--ponca-fd-title-bottom-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-title-bottom-style:italic;--ponca-fd-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-desc-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-desc-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-desc-maxw:1542px;--ponca-fd-desc-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-color:#6E6E6E;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-size:28px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-line-height:34px;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-cards-intro-letter-spacing:normal;--ponca-fd-cards-cols:2;--ponca-fd-cards-minitem:320px;--ponca-fd-cards-gap:30px;--ponca-fd-card-bg:#FFFDF6;--ponca-fd-card-bg-hover:#FBF5E2;--ponca-fd-card-border:1px solid #F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-card-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-card-padding:40px;--ponca-fd-card-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-card-section-gap:40px;--ponca-fd-card-text-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-card-highlight-bg:#FFFDF6;--ponca-fd-card-highlight-border:1px solid #B28E07;--ponca-fd-banner-h:270px;--ponca-fd-banner-bg:#F5F5F5;--ponca-fd-banner-fit:cover;--ponca-fd-banner-position:center center;--ponca-fd-icon-size:30px;--ponca-fd-card-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-size:32px;--ponca-fd-card-title-line-height:37px;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-title-letter-spacing:0.576px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-line-height:25px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-badge-size:44px;--ponca-fd-badge-bg:#FAF3DA;--ponca-fd-badge-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-badge-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-badge-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-badge-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-badge-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-badge-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-link-stack-gap:11px;--ponca-fd-link-row-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-link-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-link-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-link-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-link-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-size:12.8px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-weight:700;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-underline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-topline-color:#F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-link-topline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-top-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-link-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-color-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-link-underline:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-underline-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-hb-gap:12px;--ponca-fd-hb-bg:#8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-hb-border:0px solid #8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-radius:2px;--ponca-fd-hb-padding:18px 30px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-hb-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-hb-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-hb-letter-spacing:1.5px;--ponca-fd-hb-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-bg:#6E1109;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-header-main-w:50%;--ponca-fd-header-media-maxw:50%;--ponca-fd-header-media-fit:contain;--ponca-fd-header-media-valign:flex-start;--ponca-fd-header-media-justify:flex-end;--ponca-fd-header-media-gap:60px;--ponca-fd-alert-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-alert-bg:#6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-border:0px solid #6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-alert-padding:32px 40px;--ponca-fd-alert-mb:60px;--ponca-fd-alert-content-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-alert-icon-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, 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sans-serif;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-bottom-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-bottom-maxw:1100px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-gap:0px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-mt:24px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-gap:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-bg:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-border:1px solid #F0E9CE;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-radius:8px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-padding:16px 20px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-size:44px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg:#FBEAE9;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color:#9A9A9A;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-bg:transparent;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-border:1px solid #E3D08A;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-padding:9px 18px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-size:12px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-letter-spacing:1px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-bg:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg-locked:#F4F4F4;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color-locked:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-color:#848484;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-border:#848484\" class=\"ponca-fd has-mobile-title-stack sec_padding_footer wp-block-ponca-foundational-docs\">\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-fd__container\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-fd__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-top\">Lewis &amp;\u00a0<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-bottom\">Clark<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__description-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-fd__description\"><br>When the Lewis and Clark Expedition entered Ponca country in 1804, they were entering our homeland. Their arrival did not mark the beginning of Ponca history. Long before their expedition reached our country, we had already carried our identity across generations and across a continent. We built communities. We raised families. We practiced our ceremonies and maintained our language. We created art, exchanged knowledge with other Indigenous Nations, cared for our relatives, and passed our teachings from one generation to the next.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Then the world around us began to change dramatically. The generations that followed would confront disease, increasing American expansion, treaties and the loss of lands, forced removal, allotment, assimilation policies, and eventually the federal termination of our Tribe. But those events are not the beginning of Ponca history.\u00a0\u00a0<br><br>Nor did they bring it to an end.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__footer-pattern footer-pattern-bottom ponca-fd__footer-pattern--full ponca-fd__footer-pattern--touches-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--ponca-fd-foot-h:83px;--ponca-fd-foot-h-mobile:56px;--ponca-fd-foot-mt:60px;--ponca-fd-foot-opacity:1;--ponca-fd-foot-bg:transparent;--ponca-fd-foot-image:url(&#039;https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-pattern.svg&#039;);--ponca-fd-foot-repeat:repeat-x;--ponca-fd-foot-position:center bottom;--ponca-fd-foot-size:auto 100%;\"><\/div>\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n<section style=\"background-color: #FFFDF6;padding:\" class=\"sec_padding_footer alignfull wp-block-ponca-trial-standing-bear\" id=\"trial-of-standing-bear\">\n\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-tsb__inner\" style=\"max-width: 1504px; gap: clamp(24px, 4vw, 60px);\">\n\n\t\t<!-- ====== Header ====== -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__eyebrow\" style=\"color: #DEB209; font-family: DM Sans; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 3px; text-transform: uppercase;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t1877 \u2013 1879\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-tsb__heading\" style=\"color: #0D0F0E; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 56px; line-height: 62px; font-weight: 300; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: -0.56px; margin-top: 14px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-tsb__heading-line ponca-tsb__heading-line--before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTrial of\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-tsb__heading-line ponca-tsb__heading-line--accent\" style=\"color: #A78607; font-style: italic; font-weight: 300;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tStanding Bear\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<!-- ====== Step cards ====== -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__steps\" style=\"gap: 30px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step\" style=\"flex: 1 1 calc((100% - 60px) \/ 3); max-width: calc((100% - 60px) \/ 3); min-height: 0px; background-color: #FFFFFF; border: 1px solid #F5E7B3; border-radius: 0px; padding: clamp(20px, 2.66vw, 40px); gap: 20px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step-number\" style=\"color: #DEB209; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 40px; line-height: 55px; font-weight: 300; font-style: normal;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t01\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step-year\" style=\"color: #DEB209; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 18px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: -0.179px; text-align: right;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1877\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step-title\" style=\"color: #0D0F0E; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 32px; line-height: 37px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 0.576px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tForced Removal\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-tsb__step-description\" style=\"color: #474747; font-family: DM Sans; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; font-weight: 400;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe U.S. government forcibly removed the Ponca from their Nebraska homeland to Indian Territory in Oklahoma. The brutal march resulted in the deaths of many tribal members, including Chief Standing Bear&#8217;s son, Bear Shield.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step\" style=\"flex: 1 1 calc((100% - 60px) \/ 3); max-width: calc((100% - 60px) \/ 3); min-height: 0px; background-color: #FFFFFF; border: 1px solid #F5E7B3; border-radius: 0px; padding: clamp(20px, 2.66vw, 40px); gap: 20px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step-number\" style=\"color: #DEB209; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 40px; line-height: 55px; font-weight: 300; font-style: normal;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t02\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step-year\" style=\"color: #DEB209; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 18px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: -0.179px; text-align: right;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1879\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step-title\" style=\"color: #0D0F0E; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 32px; line-height: 37px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 0.576px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Journey Home\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-tsb__step-description\" style=\"color: #474747; font-family: DM Sans; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; font-weight: 400;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChief Standing Bear made the historic journey back to Nebraska to bury his son in the homeland. He and 29 followers were arrested by General George Crook near Fort Omaha for leaving the reservation without permission.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step\" style=\"flex: 1 1 calc((100% - 60px) \/ 3); max-width: calc((100% - 60px) \/ 3); min-height: 0px; background-color: #FFFFFF; border: 1px solid #F5E7B3; border-radius: 0px; padding: clamp(20px, 2.66vw, 40px); gap: 20px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step-number\" style=\"color: #DEB209; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 40px; line-height: 55px; font-weight: 300; font-style: normal;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t03\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step-year\" style=\"color: #DEB209; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 18px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: -0.179px; text-align: right;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1879\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__step-title\" style=\"color: #0D0F0E; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 32px; line-height: 37px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; letter-spacing: 0.576px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Landmark Ruling\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-tsb__step-description\" style=\"color: #474747; font-family: DM Sans; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; font-weight: 400;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJudge Elmer Dundy ruled in Standing Bear v. Crook that Native Americans are &#8216;persons&#8217; under the law and have the right to seek a writ of habeas corpus. It was the first time this had ever been declared in U.S. history.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<!-- ====== Two-column body ====== -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__wrap\" style=\"gap: clamp(24px, 5vw, 80px);\">\n\n\t\t\t<!-- Left: paragraphs -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__left\" style=\"flex: 1 1 clamp(340px, 47vw, 768px); max-width: clamp(340px, 47vw, 768px); gap: 24px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #474747; font-family: DM Sans; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; font-weight: 400;\">A significant moment in both our Ponca Tribe history and in civil rights history was the \u201cTrial of Standing Bear\u201d in 1879. A series of treaties signed with the federal government between 1817 and 1865 saw our homelands dwindle from their original range to an assigned 96,000 acres. The 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty, between the federal government and the Sioux, took the majority of that land, setting the stage for the Ponca Trail of Tears. In the spring of 1877, we were forcibly moved to Indian Territory. Many died along the trail, including White Buffalo Girl, daughter of Black Elk, and Prairie Flower, daughter of Standing Bear.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #474747; font-family: DM Sans; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; font-weight: 400;\">In the year following the removal from our homelands, we lost nearly a third of our members to disease and starvation, including Standing Bear\u2019s son, Bear Shield. Bear Shield\u2019s dying wish was to be buried in the Ponca homelands. Promising to honor his son\u2019s dying wish, in January of 1879, Standing Bear and a band of followers left Indian Territory without the permission of the US Government, and began the arduous trek home.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #474747; font-family: DM Sans; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; font-weight: 400;\">Standing Bear\u2019s actions would put him on track to become a civil rights leader. Arrested for leaving Indian Territory, Standing Bear had his day in court, defending himself and his people with dignity and eloquence as he argued for the personhood of Native Americans, &#8220;That hand is not the color of yours, but if I pierce it, I shall feel pain. If you pierce your hand, you also feel pain. The blood that will flow from mine will be the same color as yours. I am a man. God made us both.&#8221; Standing Bear\u2019s impassioned plea led to a verdict proclaiming, for the first time, that Native Americans were persons under the meaning of the law.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #474747; font-family: DM Sans; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; font-weight: 400;\">Standing Bear and his followers were free to return to their homeland. However, as our ancestral homelands had been taken and redistributed by the federal government, they had no home to return to. Eventually, 26,000 acres in Knox County would be restored to us. Standing Bear and many of his followers returned to the Niobrara, NE area, while other relatives remained where they had settled in Indian Territory in Oklahoma.\u00a0<br><br>Standing Bear\u2019s legacy as prominent figure in the early civil right movement is honored by statues on tribal lands in both Niobrara, NE and White Eagle, OK, in downtown Lincoln, NE, and in the Hall of Statuary in Washington, DC.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<!-- Right: image card + quote card -->\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__right\" style=\"flex: 0 0 clamp(280px, 41vw, 648px); max-width: clamp(280px, 41vw, 648px);\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__imgcard\" style=\"height: 344px; border-radius: 0px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Court-Scene-Trial-of-Standing-Bear.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Chief Standing Bear Speaks \u2014 Trial of Chief Standing Bear, 1879\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tloading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdecoding=\"async\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"object-fit: cover; object-position: center center;\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__imgcard-overlay\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0,0,0,0) 0%, rgba(36,30,9,0.81) 100%); opacity: 1; mix-blend-mode: multiply;\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__imgcard-caption\" style=\"left: 31px; right: 31px; bottom: 27px; gap: 5px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__imgcard-title\" style=\"color: #E2D7CA; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 24px; line-height: 31px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChief Standing Bear Speaks\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__imgcard-subtitle\" style=\"color: #E2D7CA; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTrial of Chief Standing Bear, 1879\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__quote\" style=\"background-color: #0D0F0E; border: 1px solid rgba(13,15,14,0.75); border-radius: 0px; padding: 40px; gap: 20px; min-height: 184px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__quote-text\" style=\"color: #E2D7CA; font-family: Cormorant Garamond; font-size: 24px; line-height: 31px; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cThat an Indian is a &#039;person&#039; within the meaning of the laws of the United States.\u201d\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__quote-attribution\" style=\"color: #A78607; font-family: DM Sans; font-size: 10px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 3px; text-transform: uppercase;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u2014 Judge Elmer Dundy, 1879\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<!-- ====== Footer ornament ====== -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-tsb__footer\" role=\"presentation\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"height: 83px; opacity: 1; margin-top: 0px; background-image: url(https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-pattern.svg); background-repeat: repeat-x; background-position: left bottom; background-size: auto clamp(56px, 5vw, 83px)\"><\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n<section style=\"--ponca-fd-section-bg:#ffffff;--ponca-fd-py:0px;--ponca-fd-px:0px;--ponca-fd-container-maxw:1504px;--ponca-fd-container-gap:clamp(30px, 4vw, 60px);--ponca-fd-header-gap:24px;--ponca-fd-header-inner-gap:14px;--ponca-fd-header-top-align:center;--ponca-fd-header-btn-justify:flex-end;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-color:#DEB209;--ponca-fd-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, 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&#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-size:50px;--ponca-fd-card-title-line-height:60px;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-title-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-title-letter-spacing:0.576px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-line-height:25px;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-card-desc-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-fd-card-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-badge-size:44px;--ponca-fd-badge-bg:#FAF3DA;--ponca-fd-badge-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-badge-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-badge-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-badge-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-badge-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-badge-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-link-stack-gap:11px;--ponca-fd-link-row-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-link-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-link-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-link-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-link-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-family:&#039;Arial&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-size:12.8px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-font-weight:700;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-link-arrow-letter-spacing:1.92px;--ponca-fd-link-underline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-topline-color:#F5E7B3;--ponca-fd-link-topline-h:1px;--ponca-fd-link-top-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-link-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-color-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-link-underline:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-link-underline-hover:#8C6E04;--ponca-fd-hb-gap:12px;--ponca-fd-hb-bg:#8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-hb-border:0px solid #8A1C10;--ponca-fd-hb-radius:2px;--ponca-fd-hb-padding:18px 30px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-hb-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-hb-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-hb-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-hb-letter-spacing:1.5px;--ponca-fd-hb-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-bg:#6E1109;--ponca-fd-hb-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-header-main-w:calc(47% - 30px);--ponca-fd-header-media-maxw:calc(50.5% - 30px);--ponca-fd-header-media-fit:contain;--ponca-fd-header-media-valign:flex-start;--ponca-fd-header-media-justify:flex-end;--ponca-fd-header-media-gap:40px;--ponca-fd-alert-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-alert-bg:#6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-border:0px solid #6B1410;--ponca-fd-alert-radius:0px;--ponca-fd-alert-padding:32px 40px;--ponca-fd-alert-mb:60px;--ponca-fd-alert-content-gap:10px;--ponca-fd-alert-icon-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-color:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-size:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-weight:500;--ponca-fd-alert-title-font-style:italic;--ponca-fd-alert-title-letter-spacing:normal;--ponca-fd-alert-text-color:#F2D9D6;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-alert-text-line-height:26px;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-alert-text-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-alert-text-maxw:1200px;--ponca-fd-bottom-gap:20px;--ponca-fd-bottom-link:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-bottom-color:#474747;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-size:18px;--ponca-fd-bottom-line-height:30px;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-bottom-font-style:normal;--ponca-fd-bottom-maxw:1100px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-gap:0px;--ponca-fd-pdf-list-mt:24px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-gap:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-bg:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-border:1px solid #F0E9CE;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-radius:8px;--ponca-fd-pdf-row-padding:16px 20px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-size:44px;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg:#FBEAE9;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-size:16px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-line-height:22px;--ponca-fd-pdf-title-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color:#9A9A9A;, sans-serif;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-size:13px;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-font-weight:400;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-color:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-bg:transparent;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-border:1px solid #E3D08A;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-radius:999px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-padding:9px 18px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-size:12px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-font-weight:600;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-letter-spacing:1px;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-text-transform:uppercase;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-bg:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-hover-col:#FFFFFF;--ponca-fd-pdf-icon-bg-locked:#F4F4F4;--ponca-fd-pdf-meta-color-locked:#B28E07;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-color:#848484;--ponca-fd-pdf-btn-locked-border:#848484\" class=\"ponca-fd has-mobile-title-stack sec_padding_footer mediclation_doc about-page-federal wp-block-ponca-foundational-docs\">\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-fd__container\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header has-header-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-main\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-fd__eyebrow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1962 \u2013 1990\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-fd__title is-separate-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-top\">Federal<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br class=\"ponca-fd__title-break\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-fd__title-bottom\">Termination<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__description-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-fd__description\">During the Termination Era of the 1950s and 1960s, the United States government began terminating its special trustee relationship with Native tribes. Showcased as a way to liberate tribes from federal control, in actuality, this policy focused on erasing Native American rights and eliminating the treaty obligations of the federal government to tribes across the United States, affecting approximately 109 tribes and bands and almost 1.5 million acres of trust land.\u202f In 1966, the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska was federally terminated. As land holdings were dissolved, cultural heritage began to disappear, and tribal members moved away, there were those who fought to restore the Tribe\u2019s federally recognized status.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__cards\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__card ponca-fd__card--icon\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__card-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__card-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-fd__card-title\">1994<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__card-desc\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFirst Annual Powwow\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__card ponca-fd__card--icon\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__card-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__card-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-fd__card-title\">4<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__card-desc\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDays of Celebration\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__card ponca-fd__card--icon\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__card-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__card-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-fd__card-title\">30+<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__card-desc\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYears of Tradition\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-media\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__header-media-stack\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Treaty-Map.png\" alt=\"Treaty Map\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/1858_range-Map.jpg\" alt=\"1858Map\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-fd__footer-pattern footer-pattern-bottom ponca-fd__footer-pattern--full\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--ponca-fd-foot-h:clamp(56px, 5vw, 83px);--ponca-fd-foot-h-mobile:clamp(56px, 5vw, 83px);--ponca-fd-foot-mt:0px;--ponca-fd-foot-opacity:1;--ponca-fd-foot-bg:transparent;--ponca-fd-foot-image:url(&#039;https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-pattern.svg&#039;);--ponca-fd-foot-repeat:repeat-x;--ponca-fd-foot-position:center bottom;--ponca-fd-foot-size:auto 100%;\"><\/div>\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n<section style=\"--ponca-hi-section-bg:#fffdf6;--ponca-hi-section-pad-y:0px;--ponca-hi-section-pad-x:0px;--ponca-hi-location-color:#A78607;--ponca-hi-location-color-hover:#0D0F0E\" class=\"ponca-hi sec_padding_footer two-line-title wp-block-ponca-herd-intro\">\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-hi__container\" style=\"--ponca-hi-container-max-width:1504px;\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hi__content\" style=\"--ponca-hi-content-direction:row-reverse;--ponca-hi-content-align-items:flex-start;--ponca-hi-content-gap:clamp(30px, 4vw, 60px);\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hi__left\" style=\"--ponca-hi-left-flex:791;--ponca-hi-left-gap:30px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"ponca-hi__header\" style=\"--ponca-hi-header-gap:14px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-hi__eyebrow\" style=\"--ponca-hi-eyebrow-color:#DEB209;--ponca-hi-eyebrow-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-hi-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--ponca-hi-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--ponca-hi-eyebrow-font-weight:600;--ponca-hi-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ponca-hi-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--ponca-hi-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;\">A New Beginning<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-hi__heading\" style=\"--ponca-hi-heading-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-hi-heading-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-hi-heading-font-size:56px;--ponca-hi-heading-line-height:62px;--ponca-hi-heading-font-weight:300;--ponca-hi-heading-letter-spacing:-0.56px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-hi__heading-prefix\" style=\"--ponca-hi-heading-prefix-color:#0D0F0E;--ponca-hi-heading-prefix-font-style:normal;\">Restoration &amp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<br\/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-hi__heading-accent\" style=\"--ponca-hi-heading-accent-color:#B28E07;--ponca-hi-heading-accent-font-style:italic;\">Sovereignty Regained<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hi__body\" style=\"--ponca-hi-body-gap:24px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hi__paragraph\" style=\"--ponca-hi-body-color:#474747;--ponca-hi-body-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-hi-body-font-size:18px;--ponca-hi-body-line-height:30px;--ponca-hi-body-font-weight:400;--ponca-hi-body-font-style:normal;\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hi__paragraph\" style=\"--ponca-hi-body-color:#474747;--ponca-hi-body-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-hi-body-font-size:18px;--ponca-hi-body-line-height:30px;--ponca-hi-body-font-weight:400;--ponca-hi-body-font-style:normal;\">The experiences of restored tribes in Oregon suggested the value of securing state recognition from the Nebraska Unicameral before approaching the US Congress. In 1988, the Tribe successfully lobbied the Nebraska Unicameral to grant their state recognition and secured an endorsement to support a quest to become a federally recognized Tribe. Support was also sought, and granted, by various local and Tribal Governments, as well as Indian non-profit organizations. <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hi__paragraph\" style=\"--ponca-hi-body-color:#474747;--ponca-hi-body-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ponca-hi-body-font-size:18px;--ponca-hi-body-line-height:30px;--ponca-hi-body-font-weight:400;--ponca-hi-body-font-style:normal;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBy 1989, the Northern Ponca Restoration Committee drafted language for Federal Restoration of the Northern Ponca Tribe. The first challenge was to secure a member of the Nebraska Congressional delegation to sponsor the legislation. In 1989, Senator J. James Exon and Senator Bob Kerrey agreed to introduce and sponsor the \u201cPonca Restoration Act\u201d in the United States Senate. Achieving this same support in the House of Representatives proved to be much more difficult. In fact, the original Ponca Restoration Act was opposed by the Tribe\u2019s \u201chome\u201d district representative. There was a concern that the Poncas would one day choose to re-establish a reservation in northeastern Nebraska. Once language was added to the bill to specifically deny the Ponca Tribe the ability to establish a reservation, the bill passed unanimously. The process was completed on October 31, 1990, when then-President George Herbert Walker Bush signed the Ponca Restoration Act into law. The Ponca Tribe of Nebraska is the name used to describe the Northern Ponca Tribe after the Tribe was officially restored in 1990. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hi__right\" style=\"--ponca-hi-right-flex:655;--ponca-hi-right-pad-top:0px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"ponca-hi__image-figure\" style=\"--ponca-hi-figure-height:507px;--ponca-hi-figure-bg:#3a3a30;--ponca-hi-figure-border-radius:0px;--ponca-hi-figure-border-width:0px;--ponca-hi-figure-border-style:solid;--ponca-hi-figure-border-color:#B9CBE0;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ponca-hi__image\" src=\"https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Spring-1990-restoration-committee.jpg\" alt=\"Bison roaming the grassy fields of the Ponca homelands\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"--ponca-hi-image-object-fit:cover;--ponca-hi-image-object-position:center center;\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hi__image-overlay\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--ponca-hi-overlay-bg:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.88) 100%);--ponca-hi-overlay-blend-mode:darken;\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"ponca-hi__caption-wrap\" style=\"--ponca-hi-caption-pad-y:34px;--ponca-hi-caption-pad-x:34px;--ponca-hi-caption-reserve:calc(168px + 24px);\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-hi__caption-date\" style=\"--ponca-hi-caption-date-margin-bottom:5px;--ponca-hi-caption-date-color:#DEB209;--ponca-hi-caption-date-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-hi-caption-date-font-size:16px;--ponca-hi-caption-date-line-height:130%;--ponca-hi-caption-date-font-weight:400;--ponca-hi-caption-date-font-style:normal;\">Spring, 1990<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-hi__caption\" style=\"--ponca-hi-caption-max-width:546px;--ponca-hi-caption-color:#E2D7CA;--ponca-hi-caption-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, &#039;Georgia&#039;, serif;--ponca-hi-caption-font-size:20px;--ponca-hi-caption-line-height:130%;--ponca-hi-caption-font-weight:400;--ponca-hi-caption-font-style:normal;\">The Ponca Tribe Restoration Committee<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-hi__ornament footer-pattern-bottom ponca-hi__ornament--full\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--ponca-hi-ornament-h:clamp(56px, 5vw, 83px);--ponca-hi-ornament-h-mobile:clamp(56px, 5vw, 83px);--ponca-hi-ornament-margin-top:0px;--ponca-hi-ornament-bg:transparent;--ponca-hi-ornament-opacity:1;--ponca-hi-ornament-image:url(&#039;https:\/\/qlogicllc.com\/poncatribe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-pattern.svg&#039;);--ponca-hi-ornament-repeat:repeat-x;--ponca-hi-ornament-position:center bottom;--ponca-hi-ornament-size:auto 100%;\"><\/div>\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n<section style=\"--ptt-bg:#FFFFFF;--ptt-pad-top:0px;--ptt-pad-right:0px;--ptt-pad-bottom:0px;--ptt-pad-left:0px\" class=\"sec_padding alignfull wp-block-ponca-population-through-time\">\n\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-ptt__inner\" style=\"--ptt-max-width: 1504px; --ptt-column-gap: clamp(20px,2.06vw,30px);\">\n\n\t\t<!-- ====== Left column ====== -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__left\" style=\"--ptt-left-width: clamp(320px,45.2vw,658px);\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__eyebrow\" style=\"--ptt-eyebrow-color: #DEB209; --ptt-eyebrow-font-family: DM Sans; --ptt-eyebrow-font-size: 13px; --ptt-eyebrow-line-height: 22px; --ptt-eyebrow-font-weight: 600; --ptt-eyebrow-letter-spacing: 3px; --ptt-eyebrow-text-transform: uppercase;\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPOPULATION THROUGH TIME\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-ptt__heading\" style=\"--ptt-heading-color: #0D0F0E; --ptt-heading-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-heading-font-size: 56px; --ptt-heading-line-height: 62px; --ptt-heading-font-weight: 300; --ptt-heading-font-style: normal; --ptt-heading-letter-spacing: -0.56px; --ptt-heading-margin-top: 14px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ptt__heading-line ponca-ptt__heading-line--before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Size of\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-ptt__heading-line ponca-ptt__heading-line--accent\" style=\"--ptt-heading-accent-color: #A78607; --ptt-heading-accent-font-style: italic; --ptt-heading-accent-font-weight: 300;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tthe Ponca Nation\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__body\" style=\"--ptt-body-gap: 24px; --ptt-body-margin-top: 24px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"--ptt-body-color: #474747; --ptt-body-font-family: DM Sans; --ptt-body-font-size: 18px; --ptt-body-line-height: 30px; --ptt-body-font-weight: 400;\">We were never a large tribe. The tribe\u2019s probable size in 1780 was estimated at 800. By 1804, largely because of smallpox, their numbers dwindled to around 200. By 1829, their population had increased to 600 and by 1842, to about 800. In 1906, the Ponca in Oklahoma numbered 570 and those in Nebraska, 263. The census of 1910 listed 875 Poncas, including 619 in Oklahoma and 193 in Kansas. By 1937, the Ponca population reached 1,222 with 825 in Oklahoma and 397 in Nebraska. Today, the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska alone numbers close to 6,000.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<!-- ====== Right column ====== -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__right\" style=\"--ptt-right-width: clamp(320px,42.5vw,765px); --ptt-right-gap: 30px; --ptt-right-top-pad: 40px;\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__table-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<table class=\"ponca-ptt__table\" style=\"--ptt-table-border-width: 1px; --ptt-table-border-color: #DBB7B1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr style=\"--ptt-thead-bg: #691103; --ptt-thead-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-thead-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-thead-font-size: 18px; --ptt-thead-line-height: 20px; --ptt-thead-font-weight: 600; --ptt-thead-font-style: normal; --ptt-thead-letter-spacing: -0.179px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th style=\"--ptt-year-col-width: 120px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9;\">Year<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th style=\"--ptt-pop-col-width: 137px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9;\">Population<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th style=\"--ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px;\">Details<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr style=\"--ptt-row-bg: #FFF8F6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-year-col-width: 120px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-year-color: #474747; --ptt-year-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-year-font-size: 18px; --ptt-year-line-height: 20px; --ptt-year-font-weight: 700;\">1780<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-pop-col-width: 137px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-pop-color: #474747; --ptt-pop-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-pop-font-size: 18px; --ptt-pop-line-height: 20px; --ptt-pop-font-weight: 700;\">~800<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-details-color: #474747; --ptt-details-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-details-font-size: 18px; --ptt-details-line-height: 20px; --ptt-details-font-weight: 500;\">Estimated tribal population<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr style=\"--ptt-row-bg: #FFFFFF;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-year-col-width: 120px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-year-color: #474747; --ptt-year-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-year-font-size: 18px; --ptt-year-line-height: 20px; --ptt-year-font-weight: 700;\">1804<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-pop-col-width: 137px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-pop-color: #474747; --ptt-pop-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-pop-font-size: 18px; --ptt-pop-line-height: 20px; --ptt-pop-font-weight: 700;\">~200<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-details-color: #474747; --ptt-details-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-details-font-size: 18px; --ptt-details-line-height: 20px; --ptt-details-font-weight: 500;\">After devastating smallpox epidemics<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr style=\"--ptt-row-bg: #FFF8F6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-year-col-width: 120px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-year-color: #474747; --ptt-year-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-year-font-size: 18px; --ptt-year-line-height: 20px; --ptt-year-font-weight: 700;\">1829<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-pop-col-width: 137px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-pop-color: #474747; --ptt-pop-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-pop-font-size: 18px; --ptt-pop-line-height: 20px; --ptt-pop-font-weight: 700;\">600<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-details-color: #474747; --ptt-details-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-details-font-size: 18px; --ptt-details-line-height: 20px; --ptt-details-font-weight: 500;\">Population recovery begins<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr style=\"--ptt-row-bg: #FFFFFF;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-year-col-width: 120px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-year-color: #474747; --ptt-year-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-year-font-size: 18px; --ptt-year-line-height: 20px; --ptt-year-font-weight: 700;\">1842<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-pop-col-width: 137px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-pop-color: #474747; --ptt-pop-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-pop-font-size: 18px; --ptt-pop-line-height: 20px; --ptt-pop-font-weight: 700;\">~800<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-details-color: #474747; --ptt-details-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-details-font-size: 18px; --ptt-details-line-height: 20px; --ptt-details-font-weight: 500;\">Continued growth<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr style=\"--ptt-row-bg: #FFF8F6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-year-col-width: 120px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-year-color: #474747; --ptt-year-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-year-font-size: 18px; --ptt-year-line-height: 20px; --ptt-year-font-weight: 700;\">1906<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-pop-col-width: 137px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-pop-color: #474747; --ptt-pop-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-pop-font-size: 18px; --ptt-pop-line-height: 20px; --ptt-pop-font-weight: 700;\">263<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-details-color: #474747; --ptt-details-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-details-font-size: 18px; --ptt-details-line-height: 20px; --ptt-details-font-weight: 500;\">Ponca in Nebraska after removal<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr style=\"--ptt-row-bg: #FFFFFF;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-year-col-width: 120px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-year-color: #474747; --ptt-year-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-year-font-size: 18px; --ptt-year-line-height: 20px; --ptt-year-font-weight: 700;\">1910<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-pop-col-width: 137px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-pop-color: #474747; --ptt-pop-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-pop-font-size: 18px; --ptt-pop-line-height: 20px; --ptt-pop-font-weight: 700;\">875<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-details-color: #474747; --ptt-details-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-details-font-size: 18px; --ptt-details-line-height: 20px; --ptt-details-font-weight: 500;\">Census count across all regions<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr style=\"--ptt-row-bg: #FFF8F6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-year-col-width: 120px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-year-color: #474747; --ptt-year-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-year-font-size: 18px; --ptt-year-line-height: 20px; --ptt-year-font-weight: 700;\">1937<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-pop-col-width: 137px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-pop-color: #474747; --ptt-pop-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-pop-font-size: 18px; --ptt-pop-line-height: 20px; --ptt-pop-font-weight: 700;\">1,222<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-details-color: #474747; --ptt-details-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-details-font-size: 18px; --ptt-details-line-height: 20px; --ptt-details-font-weight: 500;\">397 in Nebraska, 825 in Oklahoma<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr style=\"--ptt-row-bg: #FFFFFF;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-year-col-width: 120px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-year-color: #474747; --ptt-year-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-year-font-size: 18px; --ptt-year-line-height: 20px; --ptt-year-font-weight: 700;\">1966<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-pop-col-width: 137px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-pop-color: #474747; --ptt-pop-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-pop-font-size: 18px; --ptt-pop-line-height: 20px; --ptt-pop-font-weight: 700;\">442<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-details-color: #474747; --ptt-details-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-details-font-size: 18px; --ptt-details-line-height: 20px; --ptt-details-font-weight: 500;\">Population at termination<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr style=\"--ptt-row-bg: #FFF8F6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-year-col-width: 120px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-year-color: #474747; --ptt-year-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-year-font-size: 18px; --ptt-year-line-height: 20px; --ptt-year-font-weight: 700;\">Today<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-pop-col-width: 137px; --ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-inner-border-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-pop-color: #474747; --ptt-pop-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-pop-font-size: 18px; --ptt-pop-line-height: 20px; --ptt-pop-font-weight: 700;\">6,000<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td style=\"--ptt-cell-pad-x: 20px; --ptt-row-height: 60px; --ptt-details-color: #474747; --ptt-details-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-details-font-size: 18px; --ptt-details-line-height: 20px; --ptt-details-font-weight: 500;\">Enrolled members served<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__stats\" style=\"--ptt-stats-gap: 33px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__stat\" style=\"--ptt-stat-width: clamp(160px, 15.5vw, 233px); --ptt-stat-height: 135px; --ptt-stat-bg: #691103; --ptt-stat-radius: 0px; --ptt-stat-pad-y: 20px; --ptt-stat-pad-x: 30px; --ptt-stat-gap: 5px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__stat-number\" style=\"--ptt-stat-number-color: #DEB209; --ptt-stat-number-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-stat-number-font-size: 40px; --ptt-stat-number-line-height: 55px; --ptt-stat-number-font-weight: 600; --ptt-stat-number-font-style: normal;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6,000\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__stat-label\" style=\"--ptt-stat-label-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-stat-label-font-family: DM Sans; --ptt-stat-label-font-size: 16px; --ptt-stat-label-line-height: 25px; --ptt-stat-label-font-weight: 400; --ptt-stat-label-text-transform: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEnrolled Members\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__stat\" style=\"--ptt-stat-width: clamp(160px, 15.5vw, 233px); --ptt-stat-height: 135px; --ptt-stat-bg: #691103; --ptt-stat-radius: 0px; --ptt-stat-pad-y: 20px; --ptt-stat-pad-x: 30px; --ptt-stat-gap: 5px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__stat-number\" style=\"--ptt-stat-number-color: #DEB209; --ptt-stat-number-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-stat-number-font-size: 40px; --ptt-stat-number-line-height: 55px; --ptt-stat-number-font-weight: 600; --ptt-stat-number-font-style: normal;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t15\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__stat-label\" style=\"--ptt-stat-label-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-stat-label-font-family: DM Sans; --ptt-stat-label-font-size: 16px; --ptt-stat-label-line-height: 25px; --ptt-stat-label-font-weight: 400; --ptt-stat-label-text-transform: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCounty Service Area\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__stat\" style=\"--ptt-stat-width: clamp(160px, 15.5vw, 233px); --ptt-stat-height: 135px; --ptt-stat-bg: #691103; --ptt-stat-radius: 0px; --ptt-stat-pad-y: 20px; --ptt-stat-pad-x: 30px; --ptt-stat-gap: 5px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__stat-number\" style=\"--ptt-stat-number-color: #DEB209; --ptt-stat-number-font-family: Cormorant Garamond; --ptt-stat-number-font-size: 40px; --ptt-stat-number-line-height: 55px; --ptt-stat-number-font-weight: 600; --ptt-stat-number-font-style: normal;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1990\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-ptt__stat-label\" style=\"--ptt-stat-label-color: #EEDCD9; --ptt-stat-label-font-family: DM Sans; --ptt-stat-label-font-size: 16px; --ptt-stat-label-line-height: 25px; --ptt-stat-label-font-weight: 400; --ptt-stat-label-text-transform: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRestoration Year\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section style=\"background-color:#FFFFFF;--psn-pt:0px;--psn-pr:0px;--psn-pb:0px;--psn-pl:0px;--psn-maxw:1504px;--psn-valign:center;--psn-col-gap:clamp(30px, 4vw, 60px);--psn-left-w:clamp(320px, 42vw, 700px);--psn-right-w:clamp(300px, 44vw, 728px);--psn-left-gap:24px;--psn-header-gap:14px;--psn-eyebrow-color:#8C1704;--psn-eyebrow-font-family:DM Sans;--psn-eyebrow-font-size:13px;--psn-eyebrow-line-height:22px;--psn-eyebrow-font-weight:600px;--psn-eyebrow-letter-spacing:3px;--psn-eyebrow-text-transform:uppercase;--psn-heading-color:#0D0F0E;--psn-heading-font-family:Cormorant Garamond;--psn-heading-font-size:56px;--psn-heading-line-height:62px;--psn-heading-font-weight:300px;--psn-heading-font-style:normal;--psn-heading-letter-spacing:-0.56px;--psn-heading-accent-color:#691103;--psn-heading-accent-style:italic;--psn-heading-accent-weight:300px;--psn-body-gap:24px;--psn-body-color:#474747;--psn-body-font-family:DM Sans;--psn-body-font-size:18px;--psn-body-line-height:30px;--psn-body-font-weight:400px;--psn-cards-gap:30px;--psn-card-w:calc((100% - 30px) \/ 2);--psn-card-h:auto;--psn-card-padding:clamp(20px, 2.66vw, 40px);--psn-card-bg:#FFF8F6;--psn-card-border-color:#DBB7B1;--psn-card-border-w:1px;--psn-card-radius:0px;--psn-card-top-gap:clamp(20px, 4.65vw, 70px);--psn-card-bottom-gap:20px;--psn-number-color:#8C1704;--psn-number-font-family:Cormorant Garamond;--psn-number-font-size:48px;--psn-number-line-height:20px;--psn-number-font-weight:300px;--psn-number-font-style:italic;--psn-number-letter-spacing:-0.48px;--psn-title-color:#0D0F0E;--psn-title-font-family:Cormorant Garamond;--psn-title-font-size:clamp(24px, 2vw, 32px);--psn-title-line-height: clamp(28px, 2.46vw, 37px);--psn-title-font-weight:400px;--psn-title-font-style:normal;--psn-title-letter-spacing:0.576px;--psn-subtitle-color:#474747;--psn-subtitle-font-family:DM Sans;--psn-subtitle-font-size:16px;--psn-subtitle-line-height:25px;--psn-subtitle-font-weight:400px\" class=\"sec_padding alignfull wp-block-ponca-sovereign-nation\">\n\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-sn__inner\">\n\n\t\t<!-- Left column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__left\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__eyebrow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPRESENT DAY\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-sn__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-sn__heading-line ponca-sn__heading-line--before\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA Thriving\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-sn__heading-line ponca-sn__heading-line--accent\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSovereign Nation\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Ponca Tribe of Nebraska is the name used to describe the Northern Ponca Tribe after the Tribe was officially restored in 1990. Today the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska serves over 6,000 enrolled members across a 15-county service delivery area in Nebraska, Iowa, and South Dakota.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Tribe provides comprehensive health, education, housing, and cultural services; honoring the resilience of a people who refused to disappear and building a future rooted in the traditions and sovereignty of the Ponca Nation.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<!-- Right column: stat cards grid -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-number\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t15\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-sn__stat-icon\" style=\"width:30px;height:30px;color:#8C1704;\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" viewBox=\"0 0 30 30\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M9.06204 12.5C9.06204 9.22081 11.7204 6.5625 14.9995 6.5625C18.2787 6.5625 20.937 9.22081 20.937 12.5C20.937 15.7792 18.2787 18.4375 14.9995 18.4375C11.7204 18.4375 9.06204 15.7792 9.06204 12.5ZM14.9995 8.4375C12.7559 8.4375 10.937 10.2563 10.937 12.5C10.937 14.7437 12.7559 16.5625 14.9995 16.5625C17.2432 16.5625 19.062 14.7437 19.062 12.5C19.062 10.2563 17.2432 8.4375 14.9995 8.4375Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M4.405 11.0711C4.84791 5.6978 9.3381 1.5625 14.7296 1.5625H15.2695C20.661 1.5625 25.1512 5.6978 25.5941 11.0711C25.832 13.9575 24.9404 16.8236 23.1071 19.0657L17.1158 26.3929C16.022 27.7306 13.9771 27.7306 12.8833 26.3929L6.892 19.0657C5.05867 16.8236 4.16707 13.9575 4.405 11.0711ZM14.7296 3.4375C10.3139 3.4375 6.63641 6.82435 6.27366 11.2251C6.07564 13.6274 6.8177 16.0128 8.34352 17.8788L14.3349 25.2061C14.6784 25.6262 15.3207 25.6262 15.6642 25.2061L21.6556 17.8788C23.1814 16.0128 23.9234 13.6274 23.7254 11.2251C23.3627 6.82435 19.6852 3.4375 15.2695 3.4375H14.7296Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCounty Service Area\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-subtitle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNebraska, Iowa &amp; South Dakota\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-number\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6,000\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-sn__stat-icon\" style=\"width:30px;height:30px;color:#8C1704;\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" viewBox=\"0 0 30 30\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M21.25 25C21.25 22.9289 18.4518 21.25 15 21.25C11.5482 21.25 8.75 22.9289 8.75 25M26.25 21.2499C26.25 19.7121 24.7074 18.3906 22.5 17.8119M3.75 21.2499C3.75 19.7121 5.29262 18.3906 7.5 17.8119M22.5 12.7951C23.2672 12.1085 23.75 11.1106 23.75 10C23.75 7.92893 22.0711 6.25 20 6.25C19.0396 6.25 18.1634 6.61107 17.5 7.20487M7.5 12.7951C6.73281 12.1085 6.25 11.1106 6.25 10C6.25 7.92893 7.92893 6.25 10 6.25C10.9604 6.25 11.8366 6.61107 12.5 7.20487M15 17.5C12.9289 17.5 11.25 15.8211 11.25 13.75C11.25 11.6789 12.9289 10 15 10C17.0711 10 18.75 11.6789 18.75 13.75C18.75 15.8211 17.0711 17.5 15 17.5Z\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEnrolled Members\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-subtitle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnd growing every year\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-number\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1990\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-sn__stat-icon\" style=\"width:30px;height:30px;color:#8C1704;\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" viewBox=\"0 0 30 30\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M26.25 11.625H26.5334C27.1928 13.0194 27.5625 14.5766 27.5625 16.2188C27.5625 22.1635 22.726 27 16.7812 27C10.8365 27 6 22.1635 6 16.2188C6 10.274 10.8365 5.4375 16.7812 5.4375C18.4234 5.4375 19.9806 5.80716 21.375 6.46659V6.75V7.64756L20.627 8.39559C19.4662 7.82259 18.1608 7.5 16.7812 7.5C11.9738 7.5 8.0625 11.4113 8.0625 16.2188C8.0625 21.0262 11.9738 24.9375 16.7812 24.9375C21.5887 24.9375 25.5 21.0262 25.5 16.2188C25.5 14.8391 25.1774 13.5337 24.6045 12.3729L25.3524 11.625H26.25ZM21.1875 16.2188C21.1875 18.6484 19.2109 20.625 16.7812 20.625C14.3516 20.625 12.375 18.6484 12.375 16.2188C12.375 13.7891 14.3516 11.8125 16.7812 11.8125C16.9192 11.8125 17.0556 11.8197 17.1903 11.8322L18.9107 10.1118C18.2434 9.87844 17.5272 9.75 16.7812 9.75C13.2143 9.75 10.3125 12.6518 10.3125 16.2188C10.3125 19.7857 13.2143 22.6875 16.7812 22.6875C20.3482 22.6875 23.25 19.7857 23.25 16.2188C23.25 15.4728 23.1216 14.7566 22.8882 14.0893L21.1679 15.8096C21.1803 15.9444 21.1875 16.0808 21.1875 16.2188ZM26.25 9.75L30 6H27V3L23.25 6.75V8.42409L17.4914 14.1827C17.2689 14.1051 17.0302 14.0624 16.7812 14.0624C15.5903 14.0624 14.625 15.0277 14.625 16.2187C14.625 17.4096 15.5903 18.3749 16.7812 18.3749C17.9722 18.3749 18.9375 17.4096 18.9375 16.2187C18.9375 15.9697 18.8948 15.731 18.8172 15.5085L24.5759 9.75H26.25Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRestoration Year\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-subtitle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPonca Restoration Act\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-number\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t140+\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ponca-sn__stat-icon\" style=\"width:30px;height:30px;color:#8C1704;\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" viewBox=\"0 0 30 30\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M11 4V7\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M19 4V7\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M6 12H24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M25 11.4054V20.5946C25 23.8378 23.3333 26 19.4444 26H10.5556C6.66667 26 5 23.8378 5 20.5946V11.4054C5 8.16216 6.66667 6 10.5556 6H19.4444C23.3333 6 25 8.16216 25 11.4054Z\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M18.991 16.5H19.009\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M18.991 20.5H19.009\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M14.991 16.5H15.009\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M14.991 20.5H15.009\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M10.991 16.5H11.009\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><path d=\"M10.991 20.5H11.009\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-bottom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYears of Advocacy\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-sn__stat-subtitle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFrom the courtroom to Capitol Hill\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n\n<section style=\"--ptl-bg:#540e02;--ptl-line:#ffffff40;--ptl-dot:#deb209;--ptl-item-w:260px;--ptl-item-gap:clamp(1.5rem, 1rem + 2vw, 3rem);--ptl-max:1504px;--ptl-nav-icon:#efcb3e;--ptl-nav-border:#efcb3e;--ptl-nav-hover-bg:#856b05;--ptl-eyebrow-color:#deb209;, sans-serif;--ptl-eyebrow-font-size:0.74rem;--ptl-eyebrow-line-height:1.2;--ptl-eyebrow-font-style:normal;--ptl-title-color:#f0ebe4;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-title-font-size:clamp(38px, 4.3vw, 64px);--ptl-title-line-height:1.1;--ptl-title-font-style:normal;--ptl-btn-color:#ffffff40;--ptl-btn-bg:transparent\" class=\"ponca-timeline sec_padding_footer wp-block-ponca-timeline\" id=\"timeline\" aria-labelledby=\"ponca-timeline-heading\">\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-timeline__container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__header\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__heading-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__eyebrow\">Our Journey<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ponca-timeline__title\" id=\"ponca-timeline-heading\">Through the Centuries<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"container ponca-timeline__scroll-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__scroll\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Timeline\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<!--<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item hidden\"><\/article>-->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1200<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">The Ponca people live in the Ohio River valley, part of the Dhegihan Siouan migration. A rich culture of farming, hunting, and ceremony flourishes.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1789<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">First contact  with European  traders<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1804<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">The Lewis &amp; Clark  expedition makes contact  with the Ponca Tribe.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1846<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Ponca Tribe takes in an advance  party of 400 Mormons heading west  and hosts them over the winter.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1858<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Initial treaty  establishing Ponca  reservation signed.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1865<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Treaty signed  reducing Ponca reservation  to 96,000 acres.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1868<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Ft. Laramie Treaty establishes the boundaries of the  \u201cgreat Sioux (Lakota) Reservation,\u201d which for unknown  reasons, includes the 96,000 acre Ponca Reservation.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1876<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Ponca Tribal leaders travel to Indian Territory in Oklahoma to  survey alternative sites for a reservation. The Ponca Chiefs decline to  select any of the sites, and are left to make their own way home. <\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1877<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">US Government forcibly removes the  Ponca Tribe to Oklahoma. Several die en route.  When they arrive, It is too late to plant crops.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1878<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Ponca Tribe moved to a new  reservation. Food is scarce, and malaria  runs rampant. Standing Bear\u2019s son dies.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1879 (Jan)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Standing Bear  and his followers leave for  Niobrara to bury his son.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1879 (Mar)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Standing Bear and his followers reach the  Omaha reservation. There they are taken into custody.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1879 (Apr)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">The trial of Chief Standing Bear.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1879 (May)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Judge Elmer S. Dundy files his decision,  marking the first time that Native Americans were  recognized as persons within the meaning of the law.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1881<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">26,236 acres in Knox County returned to the Ponca Tribe, reestablishes a Ponca reservation in Nebraska.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1962<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Congress terminates the Ponca Tribe as a federally recognized tribe.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">Late 1980&#8217;s<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Ponca Restoration Committee formed.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1988<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Ponca Tribe recognized by the State of Nebraska.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">Oct 31, 1990<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Ponca Tribe achieves federal recognition.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1994<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">First Northern Ponca Tribal elections held.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">1996<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">First bison return to Ponca land in Niobrara.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">2000<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Chief Standing Bear Day Proclaimed.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">2014 (Apr)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Ribbon cutting held for the new Transit facility in Norfolk.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">2015 (May)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Legislation to establish the Chief Standing Bear National Historic Trail passes in the House of Representatives.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">2017 (Apr\/May)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Ponca Remembrance Walk held, with Ponca and community members walking from Niobrara to Barneston NE to commemorate the Ponca Trail of Tears.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">2018 (Jun)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Tanderups return land to Ponca Nation during annual corn planting.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">2019 (Sep)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Chief Standing Bear statue dedicated in Washington DC.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">2020 (Nov)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Ponca Tribe honored by Congressman Bacon at Native American Heritage Month celebration.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">2021 (Oct)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Member opening of Ponca Health Services \u2013 Lincoln.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">2022 (Jun)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Chief Standing Bear\u2019s Pipe Tomahawk returned to tribe.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">2022 (Jul)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Chief Standing Bear Justice Administration building dedicated in Lincoln.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">2023 (May)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Chief Standing Bear stamp dedication.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"ponca-timeline__item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__year\" style=\"--ptl-year-color:#DEB209;--ptl-year-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-year-font-size:clamp(2rem, 1.4rem + 3vw, 3.25rem);--ptl-year-line-height:1;--ptl-year-font-style:italic;\">2024 (Jun)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ponca-timeline__item-title\" style=\"--ptl-item-title-color:#f0ebe4;--ptl-item-title-font-family:&#039;Cormorant Garamond&#039;, Georgia, serif;--ptl-item-title-font-size:1.2rem;--ptl-item-title-line-height:1.3;--ptl-item-title-font-style:normal;\">Ponca corn planted on Community grounds.<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"ponca-timeline__item-desc\" style=\"--ptl-item-desc-color:#a1a0a0;--ptl-item-desc-font-family:&#039;DM Sans&#039;, &#039;Helvetica Neue&#039;, sans-serif;--ptl-item-desc-font-size:0.85rem;--ptl-item-desc-line-height:1.65;--ptl-item-desc-font-style:normal;\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container ponca-timeline__container ponca-timeline__nav-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__nav\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Timeline navigation\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"ponca-timeline__nav-btn\" data-ponca-tl-prev aria-label=\"Scroll timeline backward\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"15 18 9 12 15 6\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"ponca-timeline__nav-btn\" data-ponca-tl-next aria-label=\"Scroll timeline forward\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"9 18 15 12 9 6\"><\/polyline><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"ponca-timeline__ornament ponca-timeline__ornament--image ponca-timeline__ornament--full\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--ptl-orn-h:clamp(56px, 5vw, 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